Simulation-based approaches for elective venous access in hemodynamically unstable pediatric trauma patients.

Abstract

Trauma remains the leading cause of mortality and disability in the pediatric population, frequently associated with causes such as drowning, thermal injuries, or falls. In critically ill patients, central venous access is a cornerstone of management, especially in cases such as sepsis, or hemodynamic instability. Among the available vascular access sites, the femoral vein is commonly  utilized due to its anatomical accessibility and comparatively lower incidence of acute mechanical complications during the administration of medications, fluid therapy, total parenteral nutrition, or for hemodynamic monitoring or hemodialysis.  ultiple insertion techniques have been described and the incorporation of adjunctive modalities (most notably real-time ultrasound  guidance) combined with simulation-based medical education has significantly improved procedural proficiency, optimized  success rates, and reduced the risk of catheter-related complications. Thereby enhancing theidentification of appropriate indications and potential adverse events associated with its placement.